Surrealdb – FOSS document-graph database, for the realtime web in Rust

is the ultimate cloud
database for tomorrow's applications

Develop easier.   Build faster.   Scale quicker.

         

     

             

  What is SurrealDB?

SurrealDB is an end-to-end cloud native database for web, mobile, serverless, jamstack, backend, and traditional applications. SurrealDB reduces the development time of modern applications by simplifying your database and API stack, removing the need for most server-side components, allowing you to build secure, performant apps quicker and cheaper. SurrealDB acts as both a database and a modern, realtime, collaborative API backend layer. SurrealDB can run as a single server or in a highly-available, highly-scalable distributed mode - with support for SQL querying from client devices, GraphQL, ACID transactions, WebSocket connections, structured and unstructured data, graph querying, full-text indexing, geospatial querying, and row-by-row permissions-based access.

View the features, the latest releases, the product roadmap, and documentation.

  Contents

  Features

  Documentation

For guidance on installation, development, deployment, and administration, see our documentation.

  Installation

SurrealDB is designed to be simple to install and simple to run - using just one command from your terminal. In addition to traditional installation, SurrealDB can be installed and run with HomeBrew, Docker, or using any other container orchestration tool such as Docker Compose, Docker Swarm, Rancher, or in Kubernetes.

 Install on macOS

The quickest way to get going with SurrealDB on macOS is to use Homebrew. This will install both the command-line tools, and the SurrealDB server as a single executable. If you don't use Homebrew, follow the instructions for Linux below to install SurrealDB.

brew install surrealdb/tap/surreal

 Install on Linux

The easiest and preferred way to get going with SurrealDB on Unix operating systems is to install and use the SurrealDB command-line tool. Run the following command in your terminal and follow the on-screen instructions.

curl -sSf https://install.surrealdb.com | sh

 Install on Windows

The easiest and preferred way to get going with SurrealDB on Windows is to install and use the SurrealDB command-line tool. Run the following command in your terminal and follow the on-screen instructions.

iwr https://windows.surrealdb.com -useb | iex

 Run using Docker

Docker can be used to manage and run SurrealDB database instances without the need to install any command-line tools. The SurrealDB docker container contains the full command-line tools for importing and exporting data from a running server, or for running a server itself.

docker run --rm --name surrealdb -p 8000:8000 surrealdb/surrealdb:latest start

For just getting started with a demonstration server running in memory, you can pass the container a basic initialization to set the user and password as root and enable logging and limit access to localhost (do not run this in production!)

docker run --rm --name surrealdb -p 127.0.0.1:8000:8000 surrealdb/surrealdb:latest start --log trace --user root --pass root memory

To update the image to the latest version:

docker pull surrealdb/surrealdb:latest

  Getting started

Getting started with SurrealDB is as easy as starting up the SurrealDB database server, choosing your platform, and integrating its SDK into your code. You can easily get started with your platform of choice by reading one of our tutorials.

Client side apps

Server side code

  Quick look

With strongly-typed data types, data can be fully modelled right in the database.

UPDATE person SET
        waist = <int> "34.59",
        height = <float> 201,
        score = <decimal> 0.3 + 0.3 + 0.3 + 0.1
;

Store dynamically computed fields which are calculated when retrieved.

CREATE person SET
        birthday = "2007-06-22",
        can_drive = <future> { time::now() > birthday + 18y }
;

Easily work with unstructured or structured data, in schema-less or schema-full mode.

-- Create a schemafull table
DEFINE TABLE user SCHEMAFULL;

-- Specify fields on the user table
DEFINE FIELD name ON TABLE user TYPE object;
DEFINE FIELD name.first ON TABLE user TYPE string;
DEFINE FIELD name.last ON TABLE user TYPE string;
DEFINE FIELD email ON TABLE user TYPE string ASSERT is::email($value);

-- Add a unique index on the email field preventing duplicate values
DEFINE INDEX email ON TABLE user COLUMNS email UNIQUE;

-- Create a new event whenever a user changes their email address
DEFINE EVENT email ON TABLE user WHEN $before.email != $after.email THEN (
        CREATE event SET user = $this, time = time::now(), value = $after.email, action = 'email_changed'
);

Connect records together with fully directed graph edge connections.

-- Add a graph edge between user:tobie and article:surreal
RELATE user:tobie->write->article:surreal
        SET time.written = time::now()
;

-- Add a graph edge between specific users and developers
LET $from = (SELECT users FROM company:surrealdb);
LET $devs = (SELECT * FROM user WHERE tags CONTAINS 'developer');
RELATE $from->like->$devs UNIQUE
        SET time.connected = time::now()
;

Query data flexibly with advanced expressions and graph queries.

-- Select a nested array, and filter based on an attribute
SELECT emails[WHERE active = true] FROM person;

-- Select all 1st, 2nd, and 3rd level people who this specific person record knows, or likes, as separate outputs
SELECT ->knows->(? AS f1)->knows->(? AS f2)->(knows, likes AS e3 WHERE influencer = true)->(? AS f3) FROM person:tobie;

-- Select all person records (and their recipients), who have sent more than 5 emails
SELECT *, ->sent->email->to->person FROM person WHERE count(->sent->email) > 5;

-- Select other products purchased by people who purchased this laptop
SELECT <-purchased<-person->purchased->product FROM product:laptop;

-- Select products purchased by people in the last 3 weeks who have purchased the same products that we purchased
SELECT ->purchased->product<-purchased<-person->(purchased WHERE created_at > time::now() - 3w)->product FROM person:tobie;

Store GeoJSON geographical data types, including points, lines and polygons.

UPDATE city:london SET
        centre = (-0.118092, 51.509865),
        boundary = {
                type: "Polygon",
                coordinates: [[
                        [-0.38314819, 51.37692386], [0.1785278, 51.37692386],
                        [0.1785278, 51.61460570], [-0.38314819, 51.61460570],
                        [-0.38314819, 51.37692386]
                ]]
        }
;

Write custom embedded logic using JavaScript functions.

CREATE film SET
        ratings = [
                { rating: 6, user: user:bt8e39uh1ouhfm8ko8s0 },
                { rating: 8, user: user:bsilfhu88j04rgs0ga70 },
        ],
        featured = function() {
                return this.ratings.filter(r => {
                        return r.rating >= 7;
                }).map(r => {
                        return { ...r, rating: r.rating * 10 };
                });
        }
;

Specify granular access permissions for client and application access.

-- Specify access permissions for the 'post' table
DEFINE TABLE post SCHEMALESS
        PERMISSIONS
                FOR select
                        -- Published posts can be selected
                        WHERE published = true
                        -- A user can select all their own posts
                        OR user = $auth.id
                FOR create, update
                        -- A user can create or update their own posts
                        WHERE user = $auth.id
                FOR delete
                        -- A user can delete their own posts
                        WHERE user = $auth.id
                        -- Or an admin can delete any posts
                        OR $auth.admin = true
;

  Why SurrealDB?

Database, API, and permissions

SurrealDB combines the database layer, the querying layer, and the API and authentication layer into one platform. Advanced table-based and row-based customisable access permissions allow for granular data access patterns for different types of users. There's no need for custom backend code and security rules with complicated database development.

Tables, documents, and graph

As a multi-model database, SurrealDB enables developers to use multiple techniques to store and model data, without having to choose a method in advance. With the use of tables, SurrealDB has similarities with relational databases, but with the added functionality and flexibility of advanced nested fields and arrays. Inter-document record links allow for simple to understand and highly-performant related queries without the use of JOINs, eliminating the N+1 query problem.

Advanced inter-document relations and analysis. No JOINs. No pain.

With full graph database functionality SurrealDB enables more advanced querying and analysis. Records (or vertices) can be connected to one another with edges, each with its own record properties and metadata. Simple extensions to traditional SQL queries allow for multi-table, multi-depth document retrieval, efficiently in the database, without the use of complicated JOINs and without bringing the data down to the client.

Simple schema definition for frontend and backend development

With SurrealDB, specify your database and API schema in one place, and define column rules and constraints just once. Once a schema is defined, database access is automatically granted to the relevant users. No more custom API code, and no more GraphQL integration. Simple, flexible, and ready for production in minutes not months.

Connect and query directly from web-browsers and client devices

Connect directly to SurrealDB from any end-user client device. Run SurrealQL queries directly within web-browsers, ensuring that users can only view or modify the data that they are allowed to access. Highly-performant WebSocket connections allow for efficient bi-directional queries, responses and notifications.

Query the database with the tools you want

Your data, your choice. SurrealDB is designed to be flexible to use, with support for SurrealQL, GraphQL (coming soon), CRUD support over REST, and JSON-RPC querying and modification over WebSockets. With direct-to-client connection with in-built permissions, SurrealDB speeds up the development process, and fits in seamlessly into any tech stack.

Realtime live queries and data changes direct to application

SurrealDB keeps every client device in-sync with data modifications pushed in realtime to the clients, applications, end-user devices, and server-side libraries. Live SQL queries allow for advanced filtering of the changes to which a client subscribes, and efficient data formats, including DIFFing and PATCHing enable highly-performant web-based data syncing.

Scale effortlessly to hundreds of nodes for high-availability and scalability

SurrealDB can be run as a single in-memory node, or as part of a distributed cluster - offering highly-available and highly-scalable system characteristics. Designed from the ground up to run in a distributed environment, SurrealDB makes use of special techniques when handling multi-table transactions, and document record IDs - with no use of table or row locks.

Extend your database with JavaScript functions

Embedded JavaScript functions allow for advanced, custom functionality, with computation logic being moved to the data layer. This improves upon the traditional approach of moving data to the client devices before applying any computation logic, ensuring that only the necessary data is transferred remotely. These advanced JavaScript functions, with support for the ES2020 standard, allow any developer to analyse the data in ever more simple-yet-advanced ways.

Designed to be embedded or to run distributed in the cloud

Built entirely in Rust as a single library, SurrealDB is designed to be used as both an embedded database library with advanced querying functionality, and as a database server which can operate in a distributed cluster. With low memory usage and cpu requirements, the system requirements have been specifically thought through for running in all types of environment.

  Community

Join our growing community around the world, for help, ideas, and discussions regarding SurrealDB.

  Contributing

We would    for you to get involved with SurrealDB development! If you wish to help, you can learn more about how you can contribute to this project in the contribution guide.

  Security

For security issues, view our vulnerability policy, view our security policy, and kindly email us at security@surrealdb.com instead of posting a public issue on GitHub.

  License

Source code for SurrealDB is variously licensed under a number of different licenses. A copy of each license can be found in each repository.

For more information, see the licensing information.

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