Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Cognitive Function: 12-month RCT

Tong Yang et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020.

doi: 10.3233/JAD-200926. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Tong Yang  ^{1   2} , Hualou Wang  ^{1   2} , Ying Xiong  ³ , Chong Chen  ^{4   5   6   7} , Keran Duan  ⁸ , Jingya Jia  ^{1   2} , Fei Ma  ^{1   2}

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
• ² Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
• ³ Department of Community Service, Wangdingdi Hospital of Tianjin Nankai District, Tianjin, China.
• ⁴ Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
• ⁵ Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
• ⁶ Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
• ⁷ National Human Genetic Resources Sharing Service Platform, Tianjin, China.
• ⁸ Biobank, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.

• PMID: 33164936
• DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200926

Abstract

Background: Cognitive decline in older adults is a serious public health problem today. Association between vitamin D supplementation and cognition remains controversial.

Objective: To determine whether a 12-month vitamin D supplementation improves cognitive function in elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and whether it is mediated through the mechanism in which telomere length (TL) regulate oxidative stress.

Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Tianjin, China. Participants were all native Chinese speakers aged 65 years and older with MCI. 183 subjects were randomized to an intervention group (vitamin D 800 IU/day, n = 93) or a placebo group (the matching starch granules, n = 90), and followed up for 12 months. Tests of cognitive function and mechanism-related biomarkers were evaluated at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.

Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA showed substantial improvements in the full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ), information, digit span, vocabulary, block design, and picture arrangement scores in the vitamin D group over the placebo group (p < 0.001). Leukocyte TL was significantly higher, while serum 8-OXO-dG, OGG1mRNA, and P16INK4amRNA revealed greater decreases in the vitamin D group over the placebo group (p < 0.001). According to mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVA analysis, vitamin D group showed a significant enhancement in the FSIQ score for 12 months compared with the control (estimate value = 5.132, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation for 12 months appears to improve cognitive function through reducing oxidative stress regulated by increased TL in order adults with MCI. Vitamin D may be a promising public health strategy to prevent cognitive decline.

Keywords: Cognitive performance; oxidative stress; telomere; vitamin D.

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